Slots USA / THE EDITION
Sources & credits
Start with the original document.
Editorial sources
These records describe the sources consulted and the scope in which they are used. They are not archived copies or endorsements. Review dates identify when the source was checked for this edition.
OpenStax: Mean or Expected Value and Standard Deviation
Expected value and standard deviation for a discrete probability distribution. No actual game configuration is inferred.
Checked Oct 1, 2026
OpenStax: Independent and Mutually Exclusive Events
Definitions of independence and conditional probability. Examples in this edition are original, simplified mathematical illustrations.
Checked Oct 1, 2026
OpenStax: Frequency, Frequency Tables, and Levels of Measurement
Counts, relative frequencies, and the importance of denominators. Tables and numerical examples on our sites are original.
Checked Oct 1, 2026
Gaming Laboratories International: iGaming Technical Standards
Technical review includes distinct subjects such as game mathematics, random number generation, security, and changes. This is a provider description, not legal advice or a product endorsement.
Checked Oct 1, 2026
Gaming Laboratories International: GLI Certified Mark
Testing and conformity are scoped to applicable standards and jurisdictional requirements. A certification claim must identify the actual product and report.
Checked Oct 1, 2026
GLI-11 v3.0: Gaming Devices (September 21, 2016)
Sections 3.2.3 and the glossary distinguish random number output, outcome mapping and game variation. Cited as a dated technical reference, not as a universal US legal rule or a certificate for a particular game.
Checked Oct 1, 2026
OpenStax: Central Limit Theorem chapter review
Background for the standard error of an independent sample mean. The distributions, calculations and examples in this edition are original.
Checked Oct 1, 2026
Original explanations
Mathematical examples, tables, and diagrams are original illustrations. OpenStax is credited for background definitions; our examples do not reproduce its exercise datasets.
Photography and illustrations
Darya Sannikova / Pexels
A context photograph of slot machines. This image does not document the probabilities or performance discussed in the article.
Pexels License · Rights record checked Sep 30, 2026.
Slots USA illustration
AI-generated conceptual illustration of variation. The arrangement is not a measured probability distribution.
Created with AI assistance for this edition.
Matt Webster / Pexels
Context photography; the venue and machine settings are not identified.
Pexels License · Rights record checked Sep 30, 2026.
Jeremy Waterhouse / Pexels
Context photograph of electronics, not the equipment of a named gaming supplier or laboratory.
Pexels License · Rights record checked Sep 30, 2026.
Typefaces
Archivo, Newsreader and Manrope are served locally under the SIL Open Font License. Manrope license · Archivo license · Newsreader license.